How has oil production in Russia changed over the past 100 years?

From a level of 2-3 million tonnes in the mid-1920s, oil production in Russia (the RSFSR) began to grow rapidly from the 1950s onward, driven first by the development of the Volga-Ural oil region and later by West Siberian fields. Output reached a historical peak in the late 1980s at 569 million tonnes. In the 1970s and 1980s, this coincided with the global energy crises and a multiple increase in world oil prices.

In the 1990s, the economic crisis and falling oil prices caused production to collapse by nearly 1.8 times, to 303 million tonnes by the middle of the decade. The subsequent economic recovery and high oil prices brought output back to the level of the late Soviet period (RSFSR), reaching 560 million tonnes in 2019. The pandemic, OPEC+ restrictions, and sanctions then reduced production to 512 million tonnes by 2025.